国内外植物油价格波动的关联分析

本文基于中国、西北欧的主要植物油价格以及马来西亚棕油价格、库存、产量的月度数据,研究其波动关联性。研究结果表明,最近7年和20世纪80年代的价格波动较为剧烈,西北欧市场植物油价格在过去30多年中没有明显增长趋势;季节性变动呈变弱趋势,豆油的季节性变化相对小;在棕榈油市场,投机对价格波动的影响较弱,但最近7年开始加重;不同地区、不同产品的价格关联性强,但菜籽油在不同区域市场之间的关系相对弱一些。     

西北地区中东部秋季连阴雨天气过程与环流背景诊断分析

利用1956～2003年的NCEP资料(2.5°×2.5°)和西北地区5个气象站的逐日降水资料,对出现在我国西北地区中东部(甘肃河东和宁夏南部)的秋季连阴雨天气过程进行了统计分析。结果表明,连阴雨次数在20世纪总体上呈下降趋势;连阴雨的环流形势,在高纬为一槽一脊或二槽一脊,中纬度短波活动较多,青藏高原为一槽区,西北地区中东部受西南暖湿气流的控制且为高能区,短波活动带来的冷空气与西南暖湿气流在西北地区中东部不断交馁,造成降水过程;对流层中部500 hPa欧亚环流形势相对稳定,乌拉尔山的长波脊和中亚低槽维持,该区域的偏南气流为该区输送了大量的水汽,从而形成了西北地区中东部持续的连阴雨天气;当西风带中纬度新疆高压脊建立,副热带高压东移南退时,西北地区中东部的连阴雨天气过程结束。     

村庄空心化背景下民族地区合作社的人力资源开发研究——以西北东乡族回族留守妇女为例

以甘肃省临夏州东乡族自治县和宁夏回族自治区西吉县的实地调查资料为基础,总结了西北地区东乡族、回族聚居县乡村庄空心化的特点,分析了"男工女耕"、"男耕女牧"状况下留守妇女从事农牧业生产经营的困境,研究了留守妇女参与农牧业合作社的路径。本研究结果对提高东乡族、回族留守妇女的组织化程度,解决留守妇女面临的生产经营困难,进而增加其家庭收入,维护西北民族地区的农村政治与社会稳定,促进生态文明建设,有理论参考和实际价值。     

Patterns of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the baleen of common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata from the western North Pacific

ABSTRACT:   Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were determined in the baleen plates of 17 common minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata from the north-western Pacific Ocean off Japan, as well as prey species (krill Euphausia pacifica , Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus and Pacific saury Cololabis saira ) collected in the stomach contents, to investigate the trophic relationship between the minke whales and their prey. A few δ¹⁵N-depleted peaks occurred along the length of baleen plates for 10 males irrespective of stomach content (anchovies and sauries). Similar δ¹⁵N-depleted peaks were also found for one female and two immature individuals. It was likely that these δ¹⁵N-depleted peaks formed in early summer. The stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ¹⁵N) values in Pacific saury (9.3 ± 1.4‰) did not differ significantly from that in Japanese anchovy (8.8 ± 0.9‰). In contrast, δ¹⁵N in krill (7.2 ± 0.5‰ in July and 8.0 ± 0.2‰ in September) were significantly lower than in the Pacific saury. Thus, these peaks may reflect the dietary change from krill to fishes in the feeding migration of the whales. Growth rate of the baleen plate was estimated to be 129 mm/y, and it appeared that a dietary record of about 1.4 years remained in the baleen plate. For two immature whales, the maximum value of δ¹⁵N occurred at the tip of baleen. This δ¹⁵N enrichment may possibly be useful for discriminating weanlings and older whales.     

东南太平洋公海水域智利竹鱼探捕及其商业开发前景探讨

报道了2000年4月以来我国大型拖网渔船在东南太平洋智利专属经济区外公海水域连续4年的探捕结果,以及2003年以后商业开发的基本情况,并对商业开发前景进行了探讨。并指出,探捕区域气象、海况条件良好,能常年作业;竹鱼资源状况稳定,可进行持续开发;从2003年以来,参与开发的中国渔船已进入盈利状态,今后还有一定的增产潜力。但现有渔船设备条件较差,成为进一步提高效益的“瓶颈”。文章最后指出,中国大洋性远洋渔业的持续发展,应兼顾国际渔业合作和国际渔业竞争的方针。     

Diving behavior of immature, feeding Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus orientalis) in relation to season and area: the East China Sea and the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region

Twenty‐four archival tags were recovered from Pacific bluefin tuna previously released off Tsushima Island in the East China Sea. By analysis of the time‐series data of the pressure and the ambient and internal temperature from the 24 tags, we examined the relationship between the tuna's pattern of diving and the thermocline depth. In the East China Sea, diving and feeding events occurred throughout almost the entire day in both winter and summer, suggesting that the purpose of diving is for feeding. In summer, the feeding frequency was greater than that in winter, which corresponds to the fact that growth is more rapid in summer than in winter. During summer in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region, on the other hand, feeding events were much more frequent than those in the East China Sea, in spite of a lower diving frequency. The mean horizontal distance traveled was also significantly higher and it seems that in this area they may move horizontally to feed on prey accumulated at the surface. We conclude that, in addition to the ambient temperature structure, the vertical and horizontal distribution of prey species plays an important role in the feeding behavior of Pacific bluefin tuna. One bluefin tuna migrated to the Oyashio frontal area, where both the horizontal and the vertical thermal gradients are much steeper. The fish spent most of the time on the warmer side of the front and often traveled horizontally to the colder side during the day, perhaps to feed. This implies that there is a thermal barrier effect, in this case from the Oyashio front, on their behavior. The frequency of feeding events was low, although all the monitored fish dived every dawn and dusk, irrespective of the seasons or location. It is possible that these twice‐daily diving patterns occurred in response to the change in ambient light at sunrise and sunset.     

基于GIS和RS的中国西北NDVI变化特征及其与气候变化的耦合性

整合遥感和地理信息技术,对中国西北地区近25 a来NDVI时空变化特征及其与气候变化的耦合关系进行了研究,结果表明：高寒草甸和落叶针叶林的NDVI增加趋势较明显,线性倾向率p=0.2%/10 a。枯黄期推后导致NDVI明显增加,线性倾向率达0.27%/10 a;青藏高原、天山南脉的春季气温和北疆、汉中地区的秋季气温上升较明显,半湿润和半干旱过渡地区降水变幅较大;江河源地区NDVI和气温的相关系数达到0.6,河西-阿拉善、南疆等干旱地区NDVI和降水的相关性较高,相关系数为0.65。夏、秋季汉中、祁连和天山     

黑龙江西北地区马铃薯高产栽培技术

根据黑龙江西北地区的气候、土质、降雨规律等自然条件,从找准制约马铃薯产量的原因,运用科学的栽培技术,合理选地、选茬、整地,选择适合当地的栽培品种,适时早播,合理密植,科学施肥.加强田间管理,掌握病虫害防治方法等方面论述了黑龙江西北地区马铃薯高产栽培技术.     

北太平洋(160°E～170°E)大型柔鱼渔场的初步研究

本文根据1997年6月～7月北太平洋（16°E～170°E）海域柔鱼探捕调查的资料，对渔场形成的海洋环境条件进行了初步分析。160°E～170°E海域的大型柔鱼渔场主要由亲潮策3和第4分支与黑潮的第4和第5分支交汇形成，特别是在深层（100米水层）的暖水域前端形成。其表层水温一般为11～13°，100米水层水温约为9～10℃。其中167°E～170°E海域的渔场较为稳定，可供北太平洋鱿钓船的前期生产。中心渔场形成时常有浮游生物层。浮游生物层越厚实，渔获量越高，但有关浮游生物层的形成原因需作进一步的研究与探讨。     

西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场浮游动物数量分布的初步研究

根据2005年7—10月在北太平洋E 150°~158°56′、N 42°34′~46°25′进行秋刀鱼资源探捕所获得的15个站点浮游动物样本资料,测得甲壳纲的桡足类、端足类、糠虾类、磷虾类,毛颚类、腔肠动物以及被囊动物等的代表种。其中桡足类占绝对优势,隶属于1目4科5属8种。浮游动物生物量4~699 mg/m3,均值168.6 mg/m3。根据浮游动物的种类、分布状况及优势种类的强弱,判断和分析黑潮暖流的强弱趋势,对确定秋刀鱼渔场的南北位置具有重要参考价值。